错层位开采基础原理与灾害防治应用研究综述

doi:10.11799/ce202410005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为改善综放开采中存在的煤炭采出率低、围岩支护困难、瓦斯排放高和冲击地压频繁等问题，从错层位开采的基础原理、错层位开采灾害防治模型和工程应用等3个方面综述了错层位开采研究进展。总结了综放开采引发矿井灾害的原因为顶煤大范围、高强度垮落使得煤层和顶板中积聚的能量快速释放，连锁引发一系列围岩大变形、瓦斯超限和冲击地压等矿井灾害。阐述了3种基于错层位开采的矿井灾害防治模型，分别从围岩环境与塑性发育的角度阐述了错层位双巷联合支护机制|从孔隙率与流场浓度的角度阐述了错层位开采与综放开采的瓦斯浓度分布特性|从弹性应变能与耗散能的角度阐述了错层位开采与综放开采的能量分布特性。阐述了错层位开采技术实际工程应用，分别以华丰煤矿1411工作面、镇城底煤矿18111工作面和老公营子煤矿5(9)工作面为工程案例进行了分析，现场实测数据表明错层位开采技术能够明显降低工作面开采过程中的超前支承压力和上隅角瓦斯浓度，能够有效防止矿井灾害的发生。未来，基于错层位开采的矿井灾害防治还需要在基础理论方面进行深入研究，研究错层位采空区充填条件下岩层移动和能量演化规律，实现对地表沉陷灾害的治理，研发错层位工作面的全面智能化开采技术，达到安全开采、绿色开采和智能开采的目标。

关键词: 错层位开采, 基础原理, 瓦斯治理, 冲击地压防治, 工程应用

Abstract: To improve the problems of low coal recovery rate, difficult surrounding rock support, high gas emission, and frequent rock bursts in longwall top coal caving, the research development of staggered mining was summarized from three aspects: the basic principle of staggered mining, the control model of mine disaster using staggered mining and its engineering application. At present, the dynamic characteristics of staggered mining were mainly studied by on-site measurements using borehole stress gauges and similar simulation platform tests. Uniaxial compression experiments and numerical simulation calculations were widely used to study the energy conversion characteristics of staggered mining. The reasons for mine disasters caused by longwall top coal caving were summarized as the rapid release of energy accumulated in the coal seam and roof due to the large-scale and high-intensity collapse of the top coal, which leads to a chain reaction of mine disasters such as large deformation of the surrounding rock, gas exceeding the limit, and rock burst caused. Based on the staggered mining, three kinds of mine disaster control models were elaborated, and the joint support mechanism of staggered double roadway was explained from the perspectives of the surrounding rock environment and plastic development. The gas concentration distribution characteristics of staggered mining and longwall top coal caving were explained from the perspectives of porosity and flow field concentration. The energy distribution characteristics of staggered mining and longwall top coal caving were explained from the perspective of elastic strain energy and dissipation energy. The practical engineering applications of staggered mining technology were elaborated, such as the 1411 working face of Huafeng Coal Mine, the 18111 working face of Zhenchengdi Coal Mine, and the 5 (9) working face of Laogongyingzi Coal Mine. The on-site measured data shows that staggered mining technology can significantly reduce the advance abutment pressure and upper corner gas concentration during the working face mining, and can effectively prevent the occurrence of mine disasters. In the future, the prevention and control of mine disasters based on staggered mining still need to conduct in-depth research in basic theory, studying the laws of rock movement and energy evolution with the filling of staggered goaf, achieving the control of surface subsidence, and developing the comprehensive intelligent mining technology for staggered mining face, to achieve the goal of safe mining, green mining, and intelligent mining.

中图分类号:

TD324

王志强, 李廷照, 林陆, 等. 错层位开采基础原理与灾害防治应用研究综述[J]. 煤炭工程, 2024, 56(10): 40-47.

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