In the process of horizontal section mining of steeply inclined coal seam group, the evolution law of roof migration and stress transfer is complex due to the influence of multi-section repeated mining. In order to study its fracture characteristics and stress evolution mechanism, taking Tianshun Mine in Xinjiang as the engineering background, combined with physical similarity simulation and numerical calculation, the asymmetric failure evolution law and energy-stress coordination mechanism of surrounding rock under multi-section mining are systematically studied. The results show that the mining stress field shows obvious asymmetric deflection characteristics. The stress concentration area is formed along the upper and lower parts of the roof of the inclined goaf, the middle part is the stress release area, and the third principal stress direction is reversed in space, forming a dynamic evolution of asymmetric stress envelope arch. The failure of surrounding rock presents three-stage evolution characteristics : 1 and 2 segments are the initial stable stage, the deflection angle of principal stress is small, and the failure of surrounding rock is mainly slight collapse ; the third section is the critical instability stage, the principal stress deflection angle increases significantly, the microseismic energy and unloading amount reach the peak value, the bearing arch structure suddenly loses stability, and the high rock stratum collapses violently. The 4th and 5th sections are the chain expansion stage, the unloading range continues to expand and the frequency of microseismic events increases, and the damage range shows an expansion trend with the increase of mining depth. The study reveals that the stability of the roof is controlled by the mining process and the deflection of the principal stress. When the height of the section is 25 m, the roof will undergo periodic instability and failure, and the three-section mining is the critical threshold for roof instability. The research results can provide reference and guidance for roof stability control of horizontal sublevel stope in steeply inclined coal seam group.