坚硬顶板定向长钻孔水力压裂卸压技术开发及应用

doi:10.11799/ce202607011

煤炭工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (7): 83-89.doi: 10.11799/ce202607011

坚硬顶板定向长钻孔水力压裂卸压技术开发及应用

陈永光，于　水，王　辉，牛　云，孔繁杰

1. 陕西煤业股份有限公司，陕西西安 710100
2. 陕西陕煤韩城矿业有限公司桑树坪二号井，陕西韩城 715407
3. 重庆大学资源与安全学院，重庆 400044

收稿日期:2025-12-08 修回日期:2026-03-11 出版日期:2026-07-15 发布日期:2026-08-03
通讯作者: 陈永光 E-mail:suiyuejinghao188@126.com

Development and application of pressure relief technology by directional long borehole staged hydraulic fracturing in hard roofs#br#

Received:2025-12-08 Revised:2026-03-11 Online:2026-07-15 Published:2026-08-03
Contact: Yongguang 无Chen E-mail:suiyuejinghao188@126.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对桑树坪二号井3号煤层顶板破断距长、垮落困难引发的强矿压及冲击地压风险，本研究开发并应用了顶板定向长钻孔分段水力压裂卸压技术。基于水力压裂力学原理，建立了裂缝起裂与扩展的力学判据，揭示了高压流体在顶板岩层中形成贯穿性裂隙网络的演化规律。工程实践集中在3311工作面，设计并施工了覆盖大范围卸压区域的定向长钻孔，实施精细化分段压裂工艺。结合微震监测、巷道变形监测及矿压分析，系统验证了压裂效果。研究表明，该技术在顶板中构建复杂三维裂隙网络，显著降低顶板强度与应力集中，压裂影响区域内顶板悬顶跨度减小，巷道围岩应力得到缓解，顶板离层与巷道变形稳定，支架阻力下降，矿压显现强度与影响距离减小，实现了顶板能量可控释放与有序垮落，提升了工作面安全性。

Abstract:

This study addresses the long breaking span and difficult caving of the hard thick sandstone roof in the No. 3 coal seam of Sangshuping No. 2 Mine by developing and applying a directional long-hole segmented hydraulic fracturing technology for roof pressure relief. Based on hydraulic fracturing theory, mechanical criteria for fracture initiation and propagation are established, revealing the formation and evolution of a penetrating fracture network in the roof. Field application on the 3311 working face, combined with microseismic monitoring, roadway deformation monitoring, and ground pressure analysis, verifies the effectiveness of the technology. The results show that it forms a complex 3D fracture network, reduces roof strength and stress concentration, shortens the suspended roof span, stabilizes roof separation and roadway deformation, lowers support resistance, and weakens and shortens the influence of ground pressure, thereby improving mining safety.

中图分类号:

TD325

陈永光, 于　水, 王　辉, 牛　云, 孔繁杰. 坚硬顶板定向长钻孔水力压裂卸压技术开发及应用[J]. 煤炭工程, 2026, 58(7): 83-89.

参考文献

[1] 张吉雄，张强，周楠，等. 煤炭资源四元开发模式创新与实践[J]. 煤炭学报. 2025, 50 (04)：2020-2036.
ZHANG J X, ZHANG Q, ZHOU N, et al. Innovation and practice of quadruple development mode for coal resources[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2025, 50(4): 2020-2036.
[2] 王国法，张建中，刘再斌，等. 煤炭绿色开发复杂巨系统数智化技术进展[J]. 煤炭科学技术. 2024, 52 (11): 1-16.
WANG G F, ZHANG J Z, LIU Z B, et al. Progress in digitalization and intelligentization technologies for complex giant systems of coal green mining[J]. Coal Science and Technology, 2024, 52(11): 1-16.
[3] 崔峰，罗钟，来兴平，等. 冲击地压矿井科学产能确定及科学提升产能研究[J]. 煤炭科学技术. 2025, 53 (02): 81-95.
CUI F, LUO Z, LAI X P, et al. Research on determination and scientific enhancement of scientific production capacity in rockburst mines[J]. Coal Science and Technology, 2025, 53(2): 81-95.
[4] 窦林名，孙振于，曹安业，等. 煤矿冲击地压动静载危险源头分类、辨识与监测方法[J]. 煤炭科学技术. 2025, 53 (09): 53-62.
DOU L M, SUN Z Y, CAO A Y, et al. Classification, identification and monitoring methods of dynamic and static load hazard sources for coal mine rockburst[J]. Coal Science and Technology, 2025, 53(9): 53-62.
[5] 姜耀东，潘一山，姜福兴，等. 我国煤炭开采中的冲击地压机理和防治[J]. 煤炭学报，2014, 39(2): 205-213.
JIANG Y D, PAN Y S, JIANG F X, et al. Mechanism and prevention of rockburst in coal mining in China[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2014, 39(2): 205-213.
[6] 康红普，王国法，姜鹏飞，等. 煤矿千米深部岩巷围岩变形特征与支护技术[J]. 煤炭学报，2021, 46(3): 793-807.
KANG H P, WANG G F, JIANG P F, et al. Deformation characteristics and support technology of surrounding rock in rock roadway at kilometer deep depth of coal mine[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2021, 46(3): 793-807.
[7] 阚吉亮，窦林名，周坤友，等. 多孔爆破岩石破坏机制及起爆方式选择[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报. 2025, 42 (05): 1175-1187.
KAN J L, DOU L M, ZHOU K Y, et al. Rock failure mechanism of multi-hole blasting and selection of initiation methods[J]. Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering, 2025, 42(5): 1175-1187.
[8] 曹安业，郝琪，崔玉江，等. 高构造应力区顶板深孔爆破裂纹扩展机制与应用研究[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报. 2025, 42 (01): 97-107.
CAO A Y, HAO Q, CUI Y J, et al. Mechanism of crack propagation and application of deep-hole blasting in roof under high tectonic stress[J]. Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering, 2025, 42(1): 97-107.
[9] 吴攀飞，吕伟伟，张宁宁，等. 井下定向钻孔分段水力压裂防治坚硬顶板及裂隙带瓦斯抽采技术研究应用[J]. 煤炭技术. 2025, 44 (11): 170-175.
WU P F, LYU W W, ZHANG N N, et al. Research and application of staged hydraulic fracturing in underground directional drilling for preventing hard roof and gas extraction in fractured zone[J]. Coal Technology, 2025, 44(11): 170-175.
[10] 钟坤，陈卫忠，赵武胜，等. 煤矿坚硬顶板分段水力压裂防冲效果监测与评价[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版). 2022, 53 (07): 2582-2593.
ZHONG K, CHEN W Z, ZHAO W S, et al. Monitoring and evaluation of rockburst prevention effect by staged hydraulic fracturing in hard roof of coal mine[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2022, 53(7): 2582-2593.
[11] 刘江伟，刘耀友，刘长友，等. 采煤工作面双层坚硬悬顶水力压裂可控竖向切顶方法[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报. 2025, 42 (06): 1324-1335.
LIU J W, LIU Y Y, LIU C Y, et al. A controllable vertical roof-cutting method by hydraulic fracturing for double-layer hard suspended roof in coal mining face[J]. Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering, 2025, 42(6): 1324-1335.
[12] 李兆众，王瑞. 厚硬顶板致灾机理及定向长钻孔水力压裂控制技术[J/OL]. 煤炭科学技术.
LI Z Z, WANG R. Disaster-causing mechanism of thick-hard roof and control technology of directional long borehole hydraulic fracturing[J/OL]. Coal Science and Technology.
[13] 李凯歌，郭伟，张俭，等. 厚硬顶板冲击地压井下长钻孔压裂防治关键技术装备与工程实践[J]. 煤炭科学技术. 2025, 53 (09)：228-245.
LI K G, GUO W, ZHANG J, et al. Key technical equipment and engineering practice of underground long borehole fracturing for rockburst prevention in thick-hard roof[J]. Coal Science and Technology, 2025, 53(9): 228-245.
[14] 王刚，王恩茂，隆清明，等. 考虑滤失效应的煤层水力压裂与裂隙扩展关系研究[J]. 岩土力学. 2025, 46 (04): 1071-1083.
WANG G, WANG E M, LONG Q M, et al. Relationship between hydraulic fracturing and fracture propagation in coal seam considering filtration effect[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2025, 46(4): 1071-1083.
[15] 甘磊，刘玉，沈振中，等. 不同粗糙度和渗透溶液下石灰岩粗糙裂隙渗流特性试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报. 2023, 42 (S2): 3996-4005.
GAN L, LIU Y, SHEN Z Z, et al. Experimental study on seepage characteristics of limestone rough fractures under different roughness and osmotic solutions[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2023, 42(S2): 3996-4005.
[16] 叶春辉，丰安祥，童校长. 朱集东煤矿地面井水力压裂低渗煤层技术及工程实践[J]. 矿业安全与环保. 2025, 52 (05): 40-48.
YE C H, FENG A X, TONG X Z. Technology and engineering practice of surface well hydraulic fracturing for low permeability coal seam in Zhujidong Coal Mine[J]. Mining Safety & Environmental Protection, 2025, 52(5): 40-48.
[17] 侯公羽，刘云峰，于续楠，等. 基于不同断裂准则下水力压裂裂纹起裂规律研究[J]. 矿业科学学报. 2024, 9 (05): 687-697.
HOU G Y, LIU Y F, YU X N, et al. Study on hydraulic fracture initiation based on different fracture criteria[J]. Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 2024, 9(5): 687-697.

坚硬顶板定向长钻孔水力压裂卸压技术开发及应用

Development and application of pressure relief technology by directional long borehole staged hydraulic fracturing in hard roofs#br#

PDF (Mobile)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 10

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	张惟昭, 崔　恒, 董近兴, 张　坤, 方　海, 王青振, 汪林志. 巨厚砂岩顶板运动诱发冲击地压机制研究[J]. 煤炭工程, 2026, 58(8): 134-141.
[2]	孙凯强, 何登云, 杨敬轩, 张永波, 张　豪. 中远距离倾斜煤层群保护层开采合理错距选取及卸压控制技术研究 [J]. 煤炭工程, 2026, 58(4): 123-131.
[3]	谢明涛, 李　振, 范钢伟, 金　浩, 任闯难, 董润泽, 范张磊. 多煤层重复采动围岩导水裂隙演化规律及监测预警方法 [J]. 煤炭工程, 2026, 58(4): 145-154.
[4]	解嘉豪, 韩刚, 姚锐, 等. 冲击地压矿井近距离煤层被保护层工作面布置方法研究[J]. 煤炭工程, 2024, 56(7): 14-21.
[5]	范红光, 卢志杰, 蒋东杰. 综采工作面超前巷道变形机制及围岩控制技术研究[J]. 煤炭工程, 2024, 56(3): 39-44.
[6]	刘晓刚, 张震, 刘前进. 近浅埋多层厚硬顶板大采高综放工作面矿压显现规律研究[J]. 煤炭工程, 2024, 56(2): 72-80.
[7]	石垚, 雷瀚, 杨新路, 等. 煤矿坚硬顶板灾害水力压裂防治技术监测及评估[J]. 煤炭工程, 2024, 56(2): 122-130.
[8]	张明媚, 薛永安. 多煤层重复开采地表下沉系数演变研究[J]. 煤炭工程, 2024, 56(2): 152-156.
[9]	彭雷祥, 杨向升, 华祥. 采煤沉陷区光伏电站地基沉降及稳定性研究[J]. 煤炭工程, 2023, 55(11): 1-6.
[10]	李乐, 王成, 张红成, 张翼飞, 陈嘉. 冲击载荷下砂岩的动态力学特性及破坏机制[J]. 煤炭工程, 2023, 55(9): 140-145.