增量荷载作用下沿空工作面冲击地压防治实践

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 多个矿区的深部沿空工作面发生冲击地压，造成矿井停产，治理难度大，煤柱留设的实际效果已成为影响这些矿井安全高效生产的重要问题。以鄂尔多斯地区深部开采为背景，在分析巨厚基岩地层结构、工作面大煤柱和沿空巷破坏等冲击地压发生特征的基础上，研究沿空侧向覆岩结构及荷载特征下冲击地压发生规律。根据实际条件，计算分析了侧向支承压力分布特征，数值模拟研究了工作面侧向支承压力分布及急增载破坏特征，得到小煤柱留设是减弱巨厚基岩地层下沿空工作面冲击危险的最优方案，并进行了实践，实现了石拉乌素煤矿小煤柱工作面的安全开采，结果可为类似条件工作面沿空开采提供借鉴。

关键词: 覆岩荷载增量, 深部工作面, 覆岩荷载迁移, 区段煤柱, 冲击地压防治

Abstract: The occurrence of rockburst in deep gob-side working faces in multiple mining areas has led to the shutdown of coal mines, making it difficult to control them. The actual effect of coal pillar retention has become an important issue affecting the safe and efficient production of these mines. Taking the deep mining in Ordos area as the background, based on the analysis of the occurrence characteristics of rockburst such as the formation structure of extremely thick bedrock, large coal pillars in the working face, and failure along the goaf roadway, the occurrence regularity of rockburst under the lateral overburden structure and load characteristics along the goaf is studied. According to the actual conditions, the distribution characteristics of lateral abutment pressure are calculated and analyzed, and the distribution of lateral abutment pressure and emergency loading failure characteristics of the working face are studied through numerical simulation. It is concluded that the retention of small coal pillars is the optimal plan to reduce the impact risk of the working face along the goaf under extremely thick bedrock strata, and practice has been carried out. Precise erosion prevention measures such as long cutting holes, small coal pillar design, pre cracking of the basic roof along the goaf, pressure relief of solid coal along the goaf, high-strength basic support along the goaf, and advanced support have been implemented on site. The results show that the small coal pillar working face in Shilawusu Coal Mine has been realized, and the results can provide a reference for the gob-side mining of working faces under similar conditions.

Key words: incremental load of strata, deep working face, overstrata load migration, section coal pillar, prevention and control of rock burst

孔令海. 增量荷载作用下沿空工作面冲击地压防治实践[J]. 煤炭工程, 2023, (12): 0-0.

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