Abstract: In order to avoid the roof water disaster caused by water and sand burst in the working face of the Western high-intensity mining area, this paper takes the first working face of caojiatan mine in Yushen mining area with fragile surface ecology as an example, analyzes the main control factors affecting the roof water disaster, and puts forward the water prevention countermeasures. The combination of physical detection and "three Diagrams" method is adopted to comprehensively demonstrate and analyze the water abundance characteristics of coal roof in the first mining face. The results show that the precipitation and surface water are the indirect water source of the mine, and the water from the aquifer of Yan 'an Formation, Zhiluo Formation and bedrock weathering zone in the affected area of the water-conducting fracture zone of coal seam roof is the direct water source. The water-conducting fracture zone is the main water-filling channel of mine water disaster. Mine weathered bedrock aquifer is rich in water and Yan 'an Formation is weak aquifer. FLAC 3D was used to study the motion and failure law of overburden fractures. When the working face advanced to 180m, the development speed of water-conducting fracture zone increased, and reached the maximum of 159m after the working face advanced to 240m, and the split-mining ratio of overburden was 26.5. Based on the sixteen character principle of water prevention and control, combined with the characteristics of water rich zoning of mine roof and the law of fracture development, the paper puts forward the water prevention and control technical measures of improving mine water disaster monitoring system and constructing waterproof and drainage system, reasonably determining mining parameters and training water prevention and control professionals, so as to jointly solve and prevent the occurrence of mine water disaster accidents. The research results of this paper have important theoretical and technical reference significance for the prevention of roof water disaster in the Western high-intensity mining area.