In view of the limitation of the applicability of a single fire prevention and extinguishing material, a new type of mine fire prevention and extinguishing gel foam material was prepared by combining colloidal material with foam material in the way of ionic crosslinking, and its thermal stability and effect of preventing coal spontaneous combustion were studied. The SDS: AES compound foaming agent with ratio of 1:1 and concentration of 0.7% was determined for follow-up experiments. Based on the gelling time and gelling state, the ratio of 0.7% gelling agent concentration and 2% cross-linking agent concentration of gelling system was determined. Then, the optimal ratio of gel foam was determined by orthogonal experiment: ratio of SDS and AES 1:1, total concentration 0.8%, gelling agent 0.65%, cross-linking agent 0.25%. The experiments of thermal stability and spontaneous combustion of retarded coal show that the temperature resistance time of gel foam is the largest. When heated at 50℃~80℃ for 5h, the moisture content is still 36.5%~88.5%. The gel foam treated coal sample enters the severe combustion weight loss stage at 462.3℃, which is 59.3℃ higher than that of raw coal sample, and the maximum weight loss rate of -0.77%/min is far less than the maximum weight loss rate of raw coal sample -0.87%/min, and the temperature increases by 12.12℃ when reaching the maximum weight loss rate. The results show that the gel foam has obvious inhibition on coal combustion and has good anti-fire performance.