Based on the statistical data of coal mine accidents during 2016-2022, this paper uses mathematical statistics and charts to analyze the occurrence rules of coal mine accidents from four perspectives: grade, type,temporal and spatial distribution and 4M theory of accident causes. The results show that the key point of coal mine accidents is to reduce the general accident rate and the death rate of major accidents. Roof and transportation accidents are the key to control the total number of accidents, gas and water accidents are the key to control the number of deaths; There are more accidents in Shanxi and other energy-intensive provinces, while the southern provinces with complex geological structures are more prone to serious and major accidents. The key of accident prevention in underground working place is roadway, coal face and goaf. The highest number of accidents occurred in July and August and the highest number of deaths occurred in October to December; Accidents occur frequently from 8:00 to 16:00, and serious accidents are more likely to occur from 22:00 to 2:00 and 10:00 to 12:00. Illegal operation and other unsafe behavior is the main cause of accidents. The purpose of statistical analysis of accident occurrence rules is to provide reference for the safety production of coal enterprises and prevent coal mine accidents.